vfipsВестник ФИПСBulletin of Federal institute of industrial property2782-50862959-2432ФИПСhttps://elibrary.ru/qgpnigvfips-110Research ArticleВОПРОСЫ ОХРАНЫ И ЗАЩИТЫ ПРАВ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИISSUES OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS PROTECTION AND ENFORCEMENTПрактика ограничения патентных прав в рамках статей 1360 и 1362 Гражданского кодекса РФThe practice of patent rights restriction within articles 1360 and 1362 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federationhttps://orcid.org/0009-0005-2238-6420ПоляковаА. А.PolyakovaA. A.

Анна Анатольевна Полякова, заместитель директора

Москва, Бережковская наб., д. 30, корп. 1

Anna A. Polyakova, Deputy Director

Moscow, Berezhkovskaya emb., 30, bld.1

apolyakova@rupto.ruЛысковН. Б.LyskovN. B.

Николай Борисович Лысков, начальник Центра химии, медицины и биотехнологии

Москва, Бережковская наб., д. 30, корп. 1

Nikolay B. Lyskov, Head of the Center for Chemistry, Biotechnology and Medicine

Moscow, Berezhkovskaya emb., 24, bld. 12

otd1463@rupto.ruФедеральный институт промышленной собственностиThe Federal Institute of Industrial Property202518082025411423Copyright © Полякова А.А., Лысков Н.Б., 20252025Полякова А.А., Лысков Н.Б.Polyakova A.A., Lyskov N.B.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.vestnikfips.ru/jour/article/view/110

Механизмы ограничения патентных прав без согласия правообладателей являются необходимыми и востребованными средствами в современных условиях формирования экономики и безопасности РФ. Механизмы направлены на выстраивание баланса интересов хозяйствующих субъектов, общества, заинтересованного в обеспечении инновационными разработками, и государства. В статье показано, что российское национальное законодательство соответствует Соглашению ТРИПС в части ограничения патентных прав: статья 1360 Гражданского кодекса РФ разрешает использовать изобретение без согласия патентообладателя в интересах обороны и безопасности, а статья 1362 Гражданского кодекса РФ устанавливает законные основания для выдачи принудительных лицензий. Авторы выделяют два механизма ограничения патентных прав: в виде распоряжения Правительства РФ и выдачи принудительной лицензии судом – и проводят их комплексный анализ. Приведены примеры применения ограничений патентных прав в рамках статей 1360 и 1362 Гражданского кодекса РФ, на основании которых сделан вывод о том, что принудительное лицензирование является сложной и длительной процедурой. В статье обосновано, что оптимальным инструментом обеспечения потребностей в лекарственных средствах является ограничение патентных прав в порядке статьи 1360 Гражданского кодекса РФ. В статье на основе правоприменительной и судебно-арбитражной практики рассматриваются особенности работы каждой юридической модели ограничения патентных прав. Описан механизм ограничения патентных прав без согласия правообладателей в рамках работы подкомиссии по вопросам использования изобретений, полезных моделей и промышленных образцов в целях обеспечения экономической безопасности Российской Федерации при Правительственной комиссии по экономическому развитию и интеграции. Выявлены основные ошибки, которые допускают заявители при составлении заявок об использовании изобретений, полезных моделей и промышленных образцов без согласия патентообладателей.

Mechanisms for restricting patent rights without the consent of copyright holders are necessary and in-demand tools in modern conditions of the formation of the economy and security of the Russian Federation. The mechanisms are aimed at balancing the interests of business entities, society interested in providing innovative developments, and the state. The article shows that Russian national legislation complies with the TRIPS Agreement regarding the limitation of patent rights: Article 1360 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation allows the use of an invention without the consent of the patent owner in the interests of defense and security, and Article 1362 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation establishes the legal grounds for issuing compulsory licenses. The authors identify two mechanisms for restricting patent rights: in the form of an order from the Government of the Russian Federation and the issuance of a compulsory license by a court, and conduct a comprehensive analysis of them. Examples of the application of patent rights restrictions under Articles 1360 and 1362 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation are given, on the basis of which it is concluded that compulsory licensing is a complex and lengthy procedure. The article proves that the optimal tool for meeting the needs for medicines is the restriction of patent rights in accordance with Article 1360 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. Based on law enforcement and judicial arbitration practice, the article examines the specifics of each legal model for restricting patent rights. In order to implement the provisions of Article 1360 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, it was proposed to form a subcommittee on the use of inventions, utility models and industrial designs in order to ensure the economic security of the Russian Federation under the Government Commission for Economic Development and Integration (hereinafter referred to as the Subcommittee). In this paper, the mechanisms of restriction of patent rights without the consent of copyright holders are studied, including within the framework of the work of the Subcommittee. Examples of the application of patent rights restrictions under Articles 1360 and 1362 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation are given. The main mistakes that applicants make when drafting applications for the use of inventions, utility models and industrial designs without the consent of the patent holders have been identified.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.